On occasion a client may present with no specific symptoms but is generally confused or disorientated. The client’s confusion or disorientation may be the result of intoxication, or a physical or mental health condition. In such cases, the AOD worker should [1574–1576]:
- Provide frequent reality orientation (e.g., explain where the person is, who they are, and what your role is).
- Provide reassurance.
- Attempt to involve family, friends, or carers.
- Attempt to have the client cared for by familiar healthcare workers, in familiar surroundings.
- Attempt to maintain a regular schedule for the client.
- Explain any procedures the staff are applying (e.g., physical exams, treatment).
- Encourage mobility.
The UK NICE Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of delirium [1576] recommend that, if the client is considered a risk to themselves, AOD workers should de-escalate the situation using verbal and non-verbal strategies. If these techniques are ineffective, haloperidol can be administered for up to a week. If delirium does not resolve, underlying causes, such as possible dementia, should be investigated.