The use of pharmacotherapies is common practice in the treatment of both AOD use and mental disorders. It is recommended, however, that when pharmacotherapy is used, it should be accompanied by supportive psychosocial interventions [778–781]. Symptoms are less likely to return on completion of psychological treatment compared to pharmacotherapy, where relapse upon cessation is common [782]. Pharmacotherapies are beneficial, however, in helping people to manage symptoms and obtain maximum benefit from psychotherapeutic interventions.
The introduction of pharmacotherapies must be carried out in consultation with a medical practitioner, preferably a psychiatrist. Initial intake should establish past medication history as well as any current medications (see Chapter B3). When prescribing medications, the following should be taken into account:
- Possible interaction effects with other prescribed and non-prescribed substances.
- The possible presence of medical problems such as liver dysfunction related to long-term AOD use or hepatitis.
- The abuse potential of the medication being prescribed.
- Potential contraindications.
If clients are placed on medication, it is important that they understand the reason for the medication being prescribed, and the likely benefits and risks as well as its interactions with AOD. Clients should also be made aware of the possibility of delayed responses to the medication, potential side effects, as well as the possibility of trying other medications if the one prescribed does not suit them.