Panic disorder

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Little research has examined the treatment of panic disorder when it co-occurs with AOD use disorders. In the absence of this evidence, the use of similar strategies to those found to be efficacious in the treatment of panic disorder alone is appropriate. The RANZCP guidelines recommend a stepped-care approach that begins with psychoeducation and lifestyle advice (e.g., in relation to healthy eating, sleep, exercise patterns and limiting the use of caffeine, tobacco and alcohol), followed by either CBT, pharmacotherapy (SSRIs or SNRIs) augmented with graded exposure, or a combination of CBT and pharmacotherapy as necessary, depending on the severity of symptoms [1158].

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