Findings from studies examining psychological treatments designed to address symptoms of both panic disorder and AOD use present mixed evidence. In an RCT of people with panic disorder receiving inpatient treatment for alcohol dependence, Bowen and colleagues [722] examined CBT for panic disorder in addition to a regular alcohol treatment program. They found that although there were improvements in anxiety symptoms and alcohol use, there was no additional benefit of the CBT treatment component. In contrast, Schadé and colleagues [723, 724] found the addition of CBT to psychosocial treatment for alcohol dependence yielded superior results for anxiety symptoms, compared to treatment for alcohol dependence alone. More recently, Kushner and colleagues [710] evaluated an integrated group CBT program for comorbid anxiety and alcohol use disorders in a RCT of individuals in a residential treatment program for alcohol use disorders with comorbid GAD, panic disorder, or SAD. Those randomised to receive the CBT program experienced considerably better alcohol outcomes relative to the control group who received progressive muscle relaxation training, and both groups demonstrated a reduction in anxiety symptoms.