Emerging e-health programs combine elements from successful CBT treatments for single disorder ADHD into internet-based interventions. These interventions, aimed at assisting people with ADHD structure and organise their lives, incorporate aids such as calendars, schedules, timers, reminders, shopping lists, and cleaning and laundry schedules, all of which are easily accessible on smartphones [924, 925]. Smartphone features such as text messages, cameras, GPS, and voice memos, may also be useful.
One RCT has evaluated an internet-based course teaching people with single disorder ADHD to use smartphone applications to improve their everyday organisational skills [925]. The course, delivered with therapist support, teaches participants how to effectively use their smartphone applications to better organise their lives. Compared to a wait-list control, participants randomised to receive the course illustrated a significantly larger decrease in ADHD symptoms, including inattention and hyperactivity. One-third of participants (33%) were deemed to have made a clinically significant improvement in organisation and attention over the study period, as assessed by clinicians. Although this research has yet to be conducted among people with co-occurring ADHD and AOD use, the findings from this RCT are promising.