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Biological
(e.g., genetic factors, medications, physical health)
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Psychological
(e.g., resilience, personality, thoughts, feelings, behaviours)
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Social
(e.g., socioeconomic background, relationships, family, school, work, cultural factors, spirituality, community, social supports and connectedness)
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Predisposing factors
Factors over a person's lifetime that may have contributed to problem
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Precipitating factors
Any triggers or events that have initiated or exacerbated problem
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Perpetuating factors
Factors that may maintain problem or make it worse if not addressed
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Protective factors
Internal and external supports
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Adapted from PsychDB (2022). Biopsychosocial model and case formulation. Retrieved from https://www.psychdb.com/teaching/biopsychosocial-case-formulation#biopsychosocial-model-and-case-formulation